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JIANG Fengyi, LIU Tao, PENG Shuhua, HU Yu, HU Fang, YI Qiaoqiao, YANG Zitong
2026(7):1-8
Abstract:
Against the complex domestic and international environment faced by Yangtze River shipping during the 15th Five-Year Plan period,as well as the higher requirements set by national strategies such as the Chinese path to modernization and the cultivation of new productive forces,and focusing on the existing problems in Yangtze River shipping,this study analyzes the current situation of Yangtze River shipping,combines the phased characteristics of the 15th Five-Year Plan period and domestic and international economic development policy requirements,conducts a situation analysis,and proposes targeted development countermeasures.It is concluded that Yangtze River shipping still faces issues such as bottlenecks and congestion in main channels,prominent market supply and demand contradictions,and insufficient momentum for green and intelligent transformation.During the 15th Five-Year Plan period,it is faced with requirements such as channel security,economic and social circulation support,pioneering demonstration as a transportation powerhouse,and innovation leading industry upgrading.It is necessary to vigorously develop in terms of enhancing infrastructure capabilities,strengthening transportation service quality,improving transportation organization efficiency,and promoting green and intelligent transformation.The research results can promote the construction of a modern system for Yangtze River shipping,fully leverage the hub role of the golden waterway,provide strong support for the construction of a transportation powerhouse and the dual circulation development pattern at home and abroad,and assist in demonstrating and leading high-quality development of inland navigation.
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CHEN Ze, XU Changxin, XU Huajiang, SHEN Yongfeng
2026(7):9-18
Abstract:
In view of the limitations of the traditional “port-industry-city” three-dimensional analytical framework in capturing the synergy mechanisms among key elements such as routes,shipping enterprises,information,and finance,a “seven-in-one” synergy development analytical framework is proposed comprising port,route,shipping enterprise,cargo,information,finance,and government.Within this framework,the intrinsic interrelationships are systematically examined from three dimensions:infrastructure,operational optimization,and institutional safeguards.By a multi-case comparative approach,Guangzhou Port,Ningbo-Zhoushan Port,and Rizhao Port are selected as representative cases for empirical analysis.The results indicate that the seven-in-one synergy mechanism can substantially improve overall port efficiency.Specifically,Guangzhou Port reduces customs clearance time by 60% through the “bay area one-port access” model;Ningbo-Zhoushan Port shortens average vessel waiting time to 8 h by leveraging the “port brain” platform;Rizhao Port reduces port clearance time to 12 h via the “smart port cloud brain” system.The “seven-in-one” synergy mechanism extends the scope of the traditional “port-industry-city” tripartite framework by incorporating a more multidimensional and dynamic perspective.It provides a more systematic analytical framework for enhancing port performance,strengthens the competitiveness of Chinese ports within global supply chains,and offers both theoretical insights and practical references for port development under the Belt and Road Initiative.
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SUN Pengde, HUANG Fan, YANG Jue, WANG Fei, ZHENG Zhenjun, MA Xiaozhou
2026(7):19-26
Abstract:
To address the inaccuracy in predicting the motion responses of moored ships caused by the traditional overall wave representation method,which neglects the bimodal spectral characteristics of mixed waves,this study investigates the motion response characteristics of moored ships based on the multimodal wave representation method.Numerical simulations are performed,with field-measured wave data from Chancay Bay,Peru,as input.Three representative mixed wave spectra are reconstructed to systematically analyze the differences in the simulated results of moored ship response characteristics between the overall and the multimodal wave representation method.The results indicate that the overall method oversimplifies wave energy distribution.In conditions dominated by short waves,this approach artificially concentrates wave energy,resulting in an overestimation of the calculated motion response.Conversely,in scenarios involving long-period swells,the multimodal wave representation method can accurately isolate the long-wave components causing low-frequency resonance of the moored ship,effectively avoiding underestimation risks.The multimodal wave representation method can more accurately capture the hydrodynamic impact of mixed waves on mooring systems.Thus,it is recommended to replace the traditional overall representation method with it in engineering designs for complex sea states to enhance safety margins.
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TAO Ran, HUANG Ruiyi, PENG Yun, WANG Wenyuan
2026(7):27-33
Abstract:
To address the issue of insufficient ecological functionality in traditional coastal armor units,we develop a novel ecological armor block that integrates effective wave protection with enhanced ecological benefits.The core innovation lies in the structural groove design,which maintains engineering safety and durability while significantly improving the block’s capacity to promote marine organism colonization and habitat formation,thereby achieving a synergistic optimization of protective performance and ecological value.We evaluate its hydrodynamic stability by physical model tests based on gravity similarity laws.The results indicate that the stability coefficient KD value of blocks is 10.0-14.6.The blocks remain stable under more severe marine conditions (significant wave height Hs=11.8 m),with a KD value exceeding 24,indicating a notable performance enhancement from model to prototype.The effectiveness of the proposed structural groove design scheme is proved,which can provide a new technical pathway and practical basis for constructing environmentally friendly and resilient coastal protection engineering.
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LIU Jiantao, ZHU Lei, WANG Yan, LIU Huixin
2026(7):34-43
Abstract:
To mitigate the erosion of Qianshuiwan Beach affected by artificial islands and make full use of the existing shielding effect of artificial islands,two models are proposed on the southern side of the wave shadow zone behind the artificial islands.Model 1 adopts “beach shoulder sand replenishment+jetty+underwater sand bar+offshore submerged dike+sand dike”,Model 2 adopts “berm nourishment+jetty+artificial sand bars”.Numerical simulation software including Mepbay,XBeach and GENESIS are used to carry out beach profile design,stability assessment and morphological evolution prediction for the two models.Considering factors such as the protection length and secondary erosion hotspots,Model 1 is selected as the optimal basic scheme.The research finds that due to the influence of diffracted waves,there exists a problem of secondary erosion hotspots.It is necessary to change the jetty in Model 1 to an offshore submerged dike nearly parallel to the shore,and an optimized model of “beach shoulder sand replenishment+underwater sand bar+offshore submerged dike+sand dike” is proposed.The physical model test results indicate that compared with Model 1,the beach erosion rate of the optimized model decreases from 30 m over 5 years to nearly 0 m within one year.The proposed model can serve as a reference for beach restoration projects in similar coastal areas.
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PAN Xinying, XUE Xiaoyu, DONG Xiaochen, SHI Luming, ZHAO Zihao
2026(7):44-57
Abstract:
In response to the frequent occurrences of mooring line breakage accidents at global ports and the fact that existing research often focuses on single hydrodynamic factors or relies on numerical simulations,making it difficult to reveal the coupling effects of multiple hydrological factors on tension variation,a study is conducted on the identification of sensitive factors for cable tension and environmental risk forecasting.The orthogonal experimental design combined with range analysis and variance analysis is employed to screen environmental factors highly sensitive to cable tension changes.A polynomial response model is constructed using MATLAB software to fit the mathematical relationship between cable tension and key environmental factors,thereby establishing an environmental risk forecasting model.The results indicate that wave factors exhibit higher sensitivity to cable tension changes compared to current and wind conditions.The revealed influence laws of combining wind and wave actions on the maximum tension of mooring lines under extreme once-in-a-century current velocities superimpose with the most unfavorable flow directions.On the basis of this,an early warning mechanism using critical tension thresholds is developed.The cable tension values predicted by this risk forecasting model show an error within 10% compared to those simulated by the numerical model.
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BI Lei, WANG Cui, LIU Haiyu, LIU Chunze, TANG Ying
2026(7):58-65
Abstract:
Aiming at the problems of low terminal throughput and low equipment utilization caused by reliance on experiential judgment and the lack of systematic quantitative analysis tools in traditional dry bulk terminal design,this paper constructs a discrete event simulation modeling framework based on dynamic stockpile shape data.Taking the two core processes of unloading and ship loading as the main line,the framework proposes a three-layer object system consisting of physical objects,abstract objects and logical objects,which realizes the refined modeling of terminal operation elements.Key innovations include:a real-time yard stacking construction algorithm based on B-spline surface fitting that dynamically calculates retrieval operation time according to real-time stacking information.A vessel berthing algorithm is developed to comprehensively evaluate vessel tonnage,berth water depth,and yard accessibility.A process selection strategy oriented to “minimizing process switching” is formulated for unloading and loading operations,which preferentially unload cargo into stockpiles in the same row to reduce equipment switching times.The framework is applied to a coal terminal case with an annual design throughput of 9 million tons.The simulation results show that the berth utilization rate reaches 54.3%,the average vessel turnaround time is 36.37 hours,and the dumper utilization rate is 31.5%.The findings verify the framework’s capability in quantitatively evaluating terminal throughput,equipment utilization rate and vessel turnaround times,and can provide a scientific basis for terminal planning and design,operational optimization and decision-making support.
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ZHOU Pingwei, WANG Liangying, YANG Yugang, XU Zhenqi, CHEN Yicheng, TANG Xiaoning, ZHANG Guanjun
2026(7):66-75
Abstract:
To address the problems of high empty-load rates,delayed responses,and over-reliance on manual experience in the scheduling of shunting vehicles at bulk dry bulk cargo ports,a multi-objective bi-level optimal scheduling model is constructed to improve operational efficiency,reduce operating costs,and realize intelligent scheduling.The upper level of the model optimizes revenue equilibrium,the timeliness of high-priority tasks,and vehicle waiting time by associating work teams with operation plans.The lower level implements vehicle assignment with the objectives of proximity dispatching,revenue maximization and allocation fairness,and adopts Fully Loaded Both Ways strategy to reorganize homogeneous operation plans into closed-loop routes to reduce empty running mileage.Numerical experiments are conducted using Python and Gurobi based on actual port operation data.The results indicate that when the plan revenue weight is set between 0.4 and 0.6,the system achieves a balance among revenue fairness,the completion rate of high-priority tasks,and equipment configuration rationality.When the fairness weight ranges from 0.1 to 0.3,the system maintains an operational efficiency above 85% and realizes reasonable load distribution.Compared with traditional single-plan scheduling,Fully Loaded Both Ways strategy reduces travel distance by 30%-44% in 29 instances.The proposed model provides an effective optimization approach for the intelligent and low-cost operation of port transfer operations.
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2026(7):76-82
Abstract:
With the ever-increasing functional requirements of wharves,many existing wharfs can no longer meet the berthing demands of large vessels and are in urgent need of renovation and upgrading.Aiming at a series of problems in the renovation and upgrading of existing wharves,such as limited construction sites from simultaneous operation and renovation,tide-dependent construction caused by water level fluctuations,and the 100-year durability requirement for the structure,this paper introduces the application of a new precast breast wall in the renovation and upgrading of existing wharves.By comparing the combined precast and cast-in-place breast wall scheme with the traditional full cast-in-place breast wall scheme,carrying out theoretical calculation and analysis,and citing practical engineering project examples,this paper concludes that the combined precast and cast-in-place breast wall scheme can effectively solve construction difficulties caused by limited construction site space,water level variation,structural durability and other factors.Meanwhile,it eliminates the time consumed by working procedures such as formwork erection and removal on the seaward side during concrete pouring as well as concrete hardening,thereby shortening the construction period.The research results can provide a practical basis for subsequent similar reconstruction and renovation projects of existing wharves,and promote innovation and development in the field of wharf upgrading and reconstruction.
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2026(7):83-88
Abstract:
Due to the flammability and explosiveness of loading and unloading materials,the high risk of fire hazards,and the difficulty in extinguishing fires,the fire protection design requirements for oil ＆ gas and chemical terminals are higher than those for other terminals.Therefore,strict requirements have been made for both domestic and foreign standards.In response to the limited research on the design of oil ＆ gas and chemical terminals under the American standard system in China,as well as the relatively broad design requirements of NFPA30 and ISGOTT standards,this paper relies on a case study of an oil and gas chemical terminal project in Africa.It compares and analyzes the similarities and differences in the configuration requirements of JTS158 and American standards.By referring to other relevant NFPA standards,it clarifies the layout requirements and parameter values for fire monitors,foam monitors,fire hydrants,international shore connection,and pump-in points for fire-fighting boats.Drawing on the water curtain separation function of JTS158,and based on NFPA13,it proposes the design requirements for water curtains in oil ＆ gas and chemical terminals under the American standard system.To reasonably determine the flow parameters of fire pumps,scenario analysis is used to obtain the maximum fire protection design flow rate for the terminal.The research results can provide reference and guidance value for the fire protection design of oil ＆ gas and chemical terminals under the American standard system.
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2026(7):89-97
Abstract:
Current comparisons of shed forms for bulk cargo storage yards often focus on structural safety indicators or initial metrics such as construction duration and investment costs,without conducting a comprehensive assessment across the entire lifecycle,including construction,operation,and maintenance.Based on the new bulk cargo storage yard shed project at Huanghua Port,and considering a design working life of 50 years for the yard shed,this study analyzes and compares three structural forms:air-supported membrane structures,flat grid roof with windbreak net structures,and arched prestressed truss structures.The comparison is conducted from three perspectives:design and construction,production and operation,as well as usage and maintenance.The results show that the arched prestressed truss structure outperforms the other two in seven out of nine comparative items.It provides the large storage capacity for bulk cargo,the suitability for production and operation,the low usage and maintenance costs,the excellent environmental performance,and the favorable occupational health and hygiene conditions.Therefore,it represents a rational choice for optimizing economic indicators and environmental performance over the 50-year design working life.The itemized comprehensive comparison system and methodology established in this study can serve as a reference for similar yard shed projects.
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2026(7):98-103
Abstract:
In the process of capacity expansion and renovation of navigation facilities,two key issues are involved in the renovation plan:the scientific quantification of key indicators and the reasonable determination of weight coefficients.Through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP),the indicators are quantitatively analyzed，and the weights are calculated,establishing an evaluation method suitable for the capacity expansion and renovation of navigation facilities.Taking the capacity expansion and renovation of the Weishan third-line ship lock as an example,the necessity,economic feasibility,technical feasibility,environmental impact,and social impact of the capacity expansion and renovation of the Weishan third-line ship lock are comprehensively analyzed through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The results show that in the process of capacity expansion and renovation of navigation facilities,the sum of the weight ratios of five indicators,namely the economic internal rate of return (EIRR),the degree of cargo volume exceeding the passing capacity,ecological and environmental impact,terrain conditions,and geological conditions,has reached 0.43,approaching 0.5,and should be regarded as key indicators for the capacity expansion and renovation project.The necessity of the capacity expansion and renovation of the Weishan third-line ship lock is relatively strong.During the argumentation of the renovation plan,attention should be paid to the feasibility of the technical plan and the environmental impact.
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WU Fengjian, CHEN Liang, WANG Jiao, WU Xinyue, YUAN Hao
2026(7):104-112
Abstract:
Aiming at the complex hydraulic issues arising from shared approach channels of double-line ship locks with significant scale differences under space-constrained conditions,we conduct a systematic study using a comprehensive physical model with a geometric scale of 130,on the basis of the double-line ship lock project of the Jiantan navigation hub.The results show that the ship lock chamber width has the controlling role on ship mooring conditions,revealing that narrow ship lock chambers experience intense jet impact during unilateral filling,leading to transverse mooring forces prone to exceeding code limits,whereas wide lock chambers provide ample space for water flow diffusion.The flow superposition effect during simultaneous filling and emptying of the double-line ship lock,which significantly influences the flow conditions in the mooring sections of both upstream and downstream approach channels.By implementing an optimized measure that staggered scheduling is not shorter than the valve opening time,water level fluctuations in the mooring sections of the upstream and downstream approach channels can be effectively controlled within 20 cm,while mooring forces also comply with code requirements.
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TIAN Jianzhu, HAO Ling, TANG Jianhong, WU Liguo
2026(7):113-119
Abstract:
Many hydropower hubs in the central and western regions have design heads above 100 m,making single-stage ship locks unable to meet their navigation requirements with current technology.To address this major technical challenge of increasing the design head of single-stage ship locks,we conduct a study on 100-meter class ship locks on the basis of the Xiangjiaba hydropower hub on the Jinsha River.In accordance with the actual terrain and geological conditions of the site,as well as the requirements of relevant codes and model test results,we complete the general layout,make preliminary plans for the division of water levels,the parameters of water-saving basins,peak flow rates during filling and emptying,and energy dissipation facilities within the ship lock chamber,and use finite element numerical calculations to analyze the stability,strength,displacement,and foundation bearing capacity of the hydraulic structures.The results indicate that the general layout of the 100-meter class giant water-saving ship lock is reasonable,and the conveyance system is feasible.Under controlled conditions,the structure is stable,with foundation stresses less than the bearing capacity of the bedrock.During earthquakes,structural deformation remains within allowable limits,and stresses (after excluding local singular points) can be achieved with reinforcement.Overall,the hydraulic structure is implementable.The navigation head of single-stage ship locks has been successfully increased from the 40-meter class to the 100-meter class,demonstrating feasibility in terms of general layout,water conveyance systems,and hydraulic structures.
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SHEN Yi, HU Yuyuan, LIU Jiawen, FENG Chao, ZHU Yuliang, HOU Lijun
2026(7):120-128
Abstract:
Seepage prevention of structural joints in hydraulic structures such as ship locks is a crucial issue related to the safe operation of structures.Surface water-stopping with polyurea coating has emerged as one of the effective methods for seepage control of structural joints in recent years.Focusing on the water-stopping protection system of flat-covering polyurea coating for structural joints,we investigate the deformation of the surface polyurea water-stopping and the bonding performance between polyurea and concrete through opening deformation tests of structural joint specimens,and analyze the failure modes of the specimens,load-deformation behavior,strain distribution law,and interfacial bonding characteristics in detail.The results show that all specimens show tensile failure of the polyurea coating without interfacial cracking or debonding phenomena.Relative humidity and bond length have little effect on the deformation and peak bond stress of the surface polyurea water stop,while the deformation and peak bonding stress increase correspondingly with the increase of polyurea thickness.The deformation of the polyurea coating in the bonding area is mainly concentrated within the range of 40 mm at the loading end,and a bonding length of 50-100 mm can ensure reliable interfacial bonding.
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LIU Wei, FAN Hongxia, SHEN Hong, ZHANG Yuedong, HU Peng
2026(7):129-135
Abstract:
To address the issue of excessive transverse flow velocity caused by the northward water diversion from the Huai’an River intake gate on the left side of the downstream approach channel of the Huai’an fourth-line ship lock on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,where space for layout is limited,an optimization study on the arrangement of diversion embankments is conducted.Adopting a hydraulic physical model test,an integral physical model with a scale of 1:60 is established for the downstream area of Huai’an ship lock to conduct tests on navigation flow conditions.The results show that:When independent pier-type structures are used for the berthing sections of the fourth-line and second-line locks,water flow tends to pass through the berthing sections,resulting in excessive transverse flow velocity.By adding bottom elevation-gradient perforated baffles at the middle 100 m of the berthing section of the second-line ship lock and the middle-lower 250 m of the fourth-line ship lock to form perforated flow separation dike,water diversion and flow obstruction are achieved,gradually dispersing the flow.Comparative tests on multiple schemes reveal that the transverse flow velocity of the approach channel drops to the specified limit of 0.15 m/s at a porosity of 40%.The proposed bottom-gradient perforated diversion structure effectively resolves the issue of excessive transverse flow in the approach channel and entrance zone,providing valuable insights for the construction and operation of high-grade ship locks under complex working conditions.
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CHEN Wenbing, FU Lihong, WANG Zhaobing, XU Canliang, SHU Yuejie
2026(7):136-143
Abstract:
Aiming at the problems of insufficient width of the approach channel,complex water flow conditions in curved sections,and high local flow velocity at the discharge outlet of the Weituo Ship Lock reconstruction and expansion due to spatial limitations,an optimization study on the hydraulic characteristics of the ship lock water conveyance system is carried out.By establishing a hydraulic physical model with a scale of 130,the applicability of the dispersed water supply system for the side support holes of the gate wall corridor is systematically evaluated,and key improvement measures are proposed.The results show that the operation method of advancing the water head by 0.5 m and closing the valve for 2 min can effectively improve the problem of inertia induced high drop in the water level of the gate chamber.The adjustment of the width of the energy dissipation open ditch has limited effect on improving the berthing conditions of ships,but it cannot be completely eliminated.Optimizing the outlet into a “combined top and side outflow” grid type energy dissipation chamber structure significantly improves the uniformity of discharge in the gate chamber.The layout of the filling and emptying system is reasonable,and the optimization measures effectively improve the hydraulic performance of the ship lock under complex boundary conditions in the lower approach channel.The research results provide reference solutions and technical basis for the design of ship lock projects that are similar to those constrained by space.
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2026(7):144-149
Abstract:
In view of the situation where the original revetment structures fail to meet the requirements of relevant standards after the upgrading of inland restricted waterways,this paper studies the current renovation and reinforcement types of revetments using existing pile foundations.Considering the mechanical performance of existing pile foundations and the integrity of retaining wall structures,an approach is proposed to reinforce the revetment again by forming a “T-shaped” composite pile structure with existing and newly-built piles.By arranging foundation piles intermittently behind the original retaining wall,the original single-row pile force-bearing system is transformed into a spaced “portal frame” system,which optimizes the stress on pile foundations,reduces the deformation of the pile foundations,and meets structural requirements.For a typical project,the PLAXIS 3D finite element software is used to conduct numerical simulation of the soil excavation process in front of the piles of the re-reinforced revetment structure,and the characteristics such as pile foundation deformation and internal force are analyzed.The calculation results show that the safety factor of the re-reinforced revetment structure is increased by about 21%,the bending moment distribution of existing pile foundations is more uniform,the peak bending moment is reduced by about 23%,and the pile top displacement is decreased by about 58%,all of which satisfy the relevant standard requirements.Meanwhile,the re-reinforced revetment does not occupy waterway areas or require additional land,demonstrating good feasibility and applicability.This study can provide a reference for similar waterway upgrading projects.
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PU Yongfei, HE Jinchao, YAN Chunhao, DENG Hai, ZHAO Jian
2026(7):150-158
Abstract:
Weituo water control project on the Fujiang River is located in a sharp bend section of a mountainous river.To address the problem that the upper approach channel and entrance area of the expanded ship lock are jointly affected by curved flow and dynamic-static water,resulting in strong oblique flow,we conduct physical model and ship model experiments to study the navigation conditions of the upper approach channel and entrance area under different layout schemes,and propose engineering measures to improve the navigation flow conditions.The results show that due to the influence of the water flow in the upstream bend,the flow velocity in the upper approach channel and its entrance area of the ship lock in the design scheme is relatively large,failing to meet the safety requirements for ships entering and exiting the ship lock under all navigable discharges.Through measures such as adding a division wall and submerged spur dike,excavating the riverbed on the opposite bank of the upper approach channel,translating the ship lock and adjusting the axis angle of the ship lock,all flow velocity indicators in the upper approach channel and area of the final modified scheme basically meet the specification requirements at Q≤5,000 m3/s.Combined with the ship model experiments results,ships can smoothly enter and exit the ship lock via the upper approach channel at Q≤5,000 m3/s.
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PAN Xuecheng, TAO Jingzhe, LIU Lin, XU Zizhou
2026(7):159-165
Abstract:
Addressing challenges in marine dredging,such as dispersed data sources,positioning gaps from signal disconnection,compliance risks from manual judgment,and delayed quantity calculations,this study investigates key technologies including master-slave collaborative data fusion,electronic fence navigation,and dynamic quantity calculation technologies.Adopting a four-layer architecture of “perception-transmission-service-application”,it integrates multi-source data,such as vessel monitoring,automatic identification system, video,geospatial,and meteorological data,and develops a full-process intelligent management system.The system achieves continuous output of positioning data through a master-slave collaboration mechanism.Millisecond-level regional judgment is achieved by means of double-layer electronic fences and an optimized ray casting method.Daily automatic accounting of engineering quantity is completed based on the cabin capacity utilization model.The application in a large-scale project shows that the system has processed 1.826 9 million pieces of data,supported 27 vessels to achieve zero-accident and zero-violation operations,shortened the accounting cycle from monthly to daily,and reduced the regional judgment response time to within 0.3 seconds.This research provides a practical technical scheme for the digital transformation of marine dredging enterprises,and has practical significance for improving the industry’s safety standards and construction efficiency.
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XU Shuo, XIONG Jinbao, SHEN Si, SHU Zimo, QIAO Lingna
2026(7):166-172
Abstract:
To address the problems of geometric gaps and seam color distortion that commonly occur in the transition zones during the integration of terrestrial realistic 3D models and underwater terrain point clouds due to scale inconsistency,texture differences,and geometric topological discontinuities,a water-land integrated realistic 3D data fusion technique is investigated.A method combining multi-scale geometric seamless processing and face-primitive-based Poisson color blending is adopted.Through boundary detection and adaptive meshing,geometric cracks in the water-land junction areas are eliminated,and abrupt color differences are reduced.In demonstration applications,the proposed method effectively resolves geometric incompleteness in the junction regions and achieves continuous and smooth color optimization across seams while preserving the gradient structural characteristics of the source imagery,resulting in a geometrically continuous and visually coherent water-land integrated realistic 3D model.The results demonstrate that the fusion strategy is suitable for high-quality integration of multi-source water-land realistic 3D data in complex navigation waterway environments,and can provide reliable technical support for the refined construction and application of the realistic 3D China initiative in the field of smart waterway.
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LIU Libin, ZHANG Xi, XIE Jinbo, LI Sen, LI Yexun, MA Kaifang
2026(7):173-180
Abstract:
To address the problems of multiple weak failure surfaces,unclear failure mechanisms and complex instability modes existing at the interface between bucket foundations and soil in deep composite foundations,the finite element strength reduction method is adopted.The numerical model is validated by field measured data and geotechnical in-situ test results,and the effects of parameters such as the area replacement ratio of sand columns,the penetration depth of the lower bucket and the compartment arrangement of the lower bucket on foundation stability are systematically analyzed.The calculation results indicate that the failure surface at the bottom of the lower bucket is not a horizontal sliding surface as assumed in the specification,but a curved surface intruding into the bucket compartments.The depth of the lower bucket penetrating into the sand column composite foundation has a significant impact on the overall stability,when the penetration depth reaches 1 m,the safety factor is increased by about 1 time compared with the non-penetration condition,and the stability reaches the optimal level at this time.The increase in the sand column replacement ratio can improve the safety factor,but the growth rate tends to flatten out when it exceeds 35%,indicating that 35% is the optimal replacement ratio.Reducing the compartment width is conducive to improving stability.When the width decreases to 13.3 m,the growth of the safety factor slows down,and 10.0 m is the optimal compartment setting.This study reveals the curved failure mechanism of the bucket foundation and provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of key parameters.
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PU Shu, FANG Wei, SONG Weitao, ZHANG Jie, YING Zi
2026(7):181-189
Abstract:
In the construction projects of ports and docks in coastal areas,the ground soil types formed by landfill are mostly coarse-grained mixture or sand-clay mixture,with high water content,large porosity,and high pore water salinity.In the construction projects of ports and docks in coastal areas,the foundation soil formed by hydraulic reclamation mostly consists of sand-clay mixtures with coexisting coarse and fine particles and discontinuous particle size gradation,which are characterized by high water content,large void ratio,and relatively high salinity of pore water.The deformation law of soft soil foundation is closely related to its compression characteristics.However,there is little research reported on the influence of sand content on the compression characteristics of saline soft clay.To address this problem,sand-clay mixtures with varying sand contents and pore water salinity levels are prepared.One-dimensional consolidation tests combined with numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of sand content on the compression characteristics of saline soft clay and reveal its micro-mechanism.The results indicate that the presence of both salt and sand reduces the compressibility of soft clay.A sudden inflection occurs on the compression curve when the consolidation stress approaches approximately 400 kPa.Numerical analysis reveals that banded stress zones emerge at this stress level,which demonstrates that a sand skeleton is formed inside the sand-bearing soft clay.Before the sand skeleton forms,pore water salinity affects compressibility by promoting the agglomeration of clay particles.Once formed,the sand skeleton bears the major load of sand-clay mixtures and further governs the compression performance.This study clarifies the action mechanism of salt and sand particles on the compressive behavior of soft clay.
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YU Shuaishuai, WEI Fanghai, WANG Ziao, WANG Xuezheng, LI Kai, LUO Xiaoqing
2026(7):190-197
Abstract:
To address the issue that most existing studies mainly focus on the sulfate attack resistance of cement-stabilized soil,while insufficient attention has been paid to soil reinforced by new curing agents,this paper conducts a comparative experimental study on the sulfate erosion resistance of soil stabilized with the two materials.With different sulfate concentrations and two erosion modes adopted,systematic tests are carried out on the two stabilized soils at different erosion ages.By observing surface morphology,testing unconfined compressive strength,calculating the sulfate resistance coefficient,and analyzing microstructure via scanning electron microscopy (SEM),the performance evolution law and erosion failure mechanism are comprehensively revealed.The results show that low sulfate concentrations (≤3,000 mg/L) have little effect on both types of stabilized soil,with performance degradation rates all less than 20%.Under high-concentration sulfate erosion (≥8,000 mg/L),cement-stabilized soil deteriorates rapidly,and the degradation intensifies with erosion age,its unconfined compressive strength decreases by up to 100%,and the sulfate resistance coefficient drops to a minimum of 0.In comparison,stabilized soil presents superior erosion resistance,with its minimum corrosion resistance coefficient reaching only 0.49 under long-term semi-immersion conditions.Stabilized soil overall outperforms cement soil in erosion resistance.This is mainly attributed to the lower content of aluminum-phase hydration products inside stabilized soil,which effectively inhibits the formation of expansive secondary ettringite in the later stage.
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LIN Yunfei, WEI Minghui, WANG Qiongyu
2026(7):198-203
Abstract:
Research on the load transfer mechanism and bearing capacity of grouted steel pipe composite piles in moderately weathered mudstone strata is insufficient.Based on a port project in Peru,this study investigates the bearing performance of composite piles in moderately weathered mudstone strata through axial compression static load tests on the composite piles.The results indicate that:1) The theoretical calculated ultimate axial compressive bearing capacity of a single composite pile is no less than 23,000 kN.In comparison with the maximum axial compressive bearing capacity of 18,000 kN of test piles,the safety factor is not lower than 1.28.2)Mobilized shaft friction resistance of moderately weathered mudstone inside steel pipe piles is no less than 258.10 kPa,with further values exceeding 270.45 and 1,845.65 kPa observed for cast-in-place piles under both mobilized shaft friction resistance and pile end bearing resistance.3)Axial force within the pile diminishes incrementally with increased embedded depth,exhibiting reduced attenuation in the steel pipe section relative to the cast-in-place section.Pile end bearing resistance approaches 0 kN when test loads are below 14,000 kN.However,it progressively develops as load increases beyond this threshold.4)When the pile-soil relative displacement exceeds 14.37 mm,the growth rate of pile end bearing resistance of moderately weathered mudstone piles decreases,but it still does not reach its peak value.The research results can provide reference for engineering practices under similar geological conditions.
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CAO Xiaohang, ZHAO Donghui, WANG Xuekui
2026(7):204-210
Abstract:
As a new type of structure,the application of insertable large-diameter steel cylinders in China is still in its infancy,and there is an urgent need to conduct in-depth research on the applicability and stability of large-diameter steel cylinder foundations under super-thick soft soil foundations.We carry out the stability research of steel cylindrical structures under different water depth conditions,different penetration depths and different geological conditions by numerical simulation calculation methods.The results show that when the depth of the rotation center is less than the burial depth,the mechanical mechanism of the large-diameter steel cylinder is mainly manifested as rotational overturning,which is a deep-insertion structure.When the depth of the rotation center is greater than the burial depth,the mechanical mechanism of the large-diameter steel cylinder includes rotational overturning and horizontal sliding,which is a shallow-insertion structure.The failure mode of steel cylinders is related to dimensions,burial depth,load magnitude,and soil parameters,etc.Under the condition of super-thick soft soil geology,the steel cylinder structure can still be applied.When the S/H (S is the horizontal displacement of the top of steel cylinder,and H is the height of the cylinder body above the mud surface) of the steel cylinder is 1.5%,the load value increases with the increase of the insertion ratio,the cohesion of the soil,the internal friction angle of the soil,and the backfill depth,and decreases with the increase of the load height.
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HONG Guojun, SHU Minhua, LI Tiejian, YIN Jifu, LU Yinsong
2026(7):211-216
Abstract:
The performance of dredging equipment exerts a decisive impact on the regulation effect of suspended rivers.To investigate the performance of the high-pressure flushing system for typical suspended river dredging equipment,a numerical simulation method is adopted to study the flow field inside the pipelines and nozzles of the system.The results show that the structural layout of the original high-pressure flushing pipeline and nozzles is unreasonable.The difference between the maximum and minimum outlet velocities of all nozzles is 3.86 m/s,and the relative deviation of the outlet velocity of No.9 nozzle reaches 17.35%.The outlet velocity distribution of each nozzle is extremely non-uniform.In view of the above findings,a targeted structural optimization scheme for the towed harrow high-pressure flushing system is proposed and verified by numerical simulation.After optimization,the outlet velocity of each nozzle becomes highly uniform.The velocity difference between the maximum and minimum outlet velocities is only 0.33 m/s,and the relative deviation of the outlet velocity for all nozzles is within 1.10%.The overall flow field of the towed harrow high-pressure flushing system is significantly improved.The research results can provide a reference for the design of dredging equipment used in suspended river regulation.
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LI Jiangang, ZHAO Yang, ZHOU Chaohui, HUANG Wenbin
2026(7):217-223
Abstract:
To address the sliding problem of the berthing structure in an artificial island with tied-back sheet piles,we build a 3D finite element model using the“Nanshui”double-yield surface elasto-plastic constitutive model.Then we systematically simulate structural responses under various construction loading processes,water level conditions,and service loads,thereby revealing the mechanical mechanism of sliding and proposing corresponding treatment solutions.The results indicate that sliding primarily stems from insufficient bearing capacity of the weak silty clay foundation and an imbalance in lateral earth pressure caused by asynchronous filling and rock dumping during construction.Under the design low water level condition,the peak tensile stress at the southeast retaining wall reaches 1.60 MPa;while this does not exceed the material strength,it poses a potential threat to long-term durability.Moreover,the non-slip dominant factor of the design load has a much smaller increase in the structural response than the influence of filling and water level changes.The proposed remediation measure of supplementary counter-pressure dumping enhances the bearing capacity of soil in the passive zone and lateral constraints,increases the anti-sliding safety factor to 1.050 under extreme low water level conditions,and meets code stability requirements.
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WANG Chuliang, YU Mingjie, JI Denghui, LUO Liang, MENG Dongliang
2026(7):224-232
Abstract:
Large trailing suction hopper dredgers may experience pronounced layer-thickness fluctuations and discontinuous strip coverage when conducting backfilling over deep soft-soil foundations.To address this engineering problem,a quality database for layered sailing side-casting backfilling is established based on high-precision RTK-GNSS vessel tracks and multi-period multibeam bathymetric surveys from the Pasay backfilling project in the Philippines.Statistical indicators,including mean thickness,unit-area thickness,thickness coefficient of variation,and effective coverage width,are employed to systematically investigate the coupled effects of bottom-door opening,sailing speed,and flushing-water flow rate on backfilling thickness and uniformity,and to summarize adaptive rules for on-site parameter adjustment.The results show that within a practical control window with a bottom-door opening of 30% to 50%,a sailing speed of 1.2-1.8 kn,and a flushing water flow rate of approximately 2,000 m3/h,the single-layer thickness can be maintained at 0.45-0.60 m,the measured total thickness ranges from 1.88 to 2.14 m,the thickness coefficient of variation is generally below 0.12,and the final construction surface elevation deviation is controlled within ±0.15 m of the design value.This study clarifies the quantitative relationships between key operational parameters and backfilling thickness-control indicators,and proposes an optimized parameter window and an on-site control method for layered moving discharge backfilling by trailing suction hopper dredger over deep soft-soil foundations,providing technical support for process selection and construction quality assessment in similar projects.
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2026(7):233-239
Abstract:
On the basis of an offshore infrastructure project,the fatigue damage characteristics of a large-diameter steel cylinder structure ultra-deep into foundation soil are analyzed under the vibration force during the sinking construction stage and the wave load after installation.The performance test is carried out through continuous long time vibration force input during the sinking of the test steel cylinder,and the mechanical performance of the structure-equipment system under extreme conditions is tested and verified.The E2 fatigue curve and parameter value obtaining method are presented,and the fatigue analysis results are in good agreement with the actual test.An intermittent continuous vibration force input method is proposed together with the achievement of accurate vibration input control based on force feedback,which can effectively reduce the total vibration time and fatigue damage,and make the fatigue safety of the structure reach nearly 2.0 during vibration sinking construction.According to the test data obtained from physical models under regular and irregular wave conditions,the fatigue damage factor of the steel cylinder caused by sea wave load is less than 0.1,and the irregular wave is less than the regular wave,which accounts for a relatively small proportion in the total damage factor.
2026 Issue 7
The 15th Five-Year Plan for Water Transport Development and Policies
Comprehensive
Port
Waterway and Navigation Strucure
Information Technology
Ground and Foundation
Construction
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XIE Libo, SU Lei, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Yuanxin, BI Jianwei, LING Xianzhang
2025(2):27-35
Abstract:
Wave is the main environmental load for pile-supported wharf (PSW) in deep water area.Investigating the dynamic response characteristics of PSW-seabed system under wave action is the basis of dynamic design for deep water port.In this paper,a 3D finite element model of wave-PSW-seabed is established by ADINA.Pore water pressure and acceleration of seabed around pile,deck displacement,as well as dynamic water pressure time history of pile shaft under wave action are obtained.The dynamic response characteristics of the PSW-seabed system are analyzed,and the influence of the changing wave period on the dynamic response of this system is discussed.The numerical simulation results show that:1) there is no cumulative effect on pore pressure around pile under wave action;2) Dynamic water pressure of middle pile is significantly greater than that of the side pile;3) Amplitudes of seabed pore pressure,seabed acceleration,and dynamic water pressure attenuate along the wave propagation,and the smaller wave period,the more significant the attenuation effect.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide reference for similar PSW numerical simulation under wave action,and the investigation results can provide support for dynamic design of PSW-seabed system.
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ZHOU Jingxiang, PAN Haitao, CHEN Yongjian, YAN Qiang, WANG Yulong, WANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Zhisen, WANG Shuai
2025(2):9-16
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal is the key project of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor,and building an efficient,intelligent,green,and resilient canal is an important component of the construction of Pinglu Canal with high standard and high-quality.By planning the overall architecture of the smart canal and combining the characteristics and needs of the construction and operation management of Pinglu Canal,the smart construction and management system is proposed as a typical application scenario including “full process integration and coordination of construction and management,full cycle digital twin of progress management,full process simulation and regulation of quality management,all-around early warning and prevention of safety management,and full-link monitoring and early warning of green management”,as well as the typical application scenarios of the smart operation system,including “one-net efficient coordination of operation management,one-body seamless coordination and linkage of operation and dispatch,one-map scientific and intelligent management of locks and maintenance,one-click coordinated and connected emergency response,and one-station efficient and convenient logistics services”.Furthermore,we summarize the innovative technical features of the digital twin Pinglu Canal from five aspects of “full-factorial three-dimensional perception,full-process digital twin,full-process simulation and simulation,all-around intelligent services,and full-technology self-developed and controllable”,which can provide reference for the construction of similar smart port and navigation projects.
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LIU Mingwei, ZHANG Siqi, WU Linjian, LI Huijiuyuan, DI Yutao, DAI Chuan
2025(2):51-62
Abstract:
To ensure the long-term operational safety of frame-structure vertical wharfs in inland waterways,it is crucial to conduct monitoring and inspection of their service performance.The placement and scheme of monitoring sensors directly affect the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.Therefore,sensors should ideally be positioned within the structural load sensitive areas.However,due to the complexity of frame-structure vertical wharfs and the large number of load combinations,the locations and distributions of structural load sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations remain unclear.To address this issue,this study,based on a large inland hub port,establishes a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of a frame-structure vertical wharf segment.By developing an algorithm to identify the most adverse load combinations for critical structural components,the most adverse load combinations for each component are determined.On this basis,the distribution patterns of load response points and the ranges of sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations are identified by using finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that under complex load combinations,steel components of frame-structure vertical wharfs exhibit greater load sensitivity compared to concrete components.The sensitive areas of steel components are primarily located at the junctions of high and low water levels and the cantilever ends of the front-row steel mooring structures.This study addresses issues such as redundancy and ineffectiveness in monitoring point placement,providing a theoretical basis for the deployment of monitoring sensors in inland hub port wharfs.
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LIU Lu, SHI Youren, LU Xiaodong, CAO Huijiang
2025(2):157-163
Abstract:
The riverway conditions of the Huangpu River are complicated with many river bends,while Lujiazui Bend owns the largest curvature together with the smallest turning radius of the waterway among all the river bends of Huangpu River.With the rapid growth of the number of navigable ships in the Huangpu River,the silting of the beach near the convex bank of the Lujiazui Bend has a certain influence on the safe navigation of passing ships in recent years.Viewing platforms,regarded as urban reception halls of Shanghai,are set along Luijiazui Bend.Adverse impacts will be resulted from safety incidents in case.Therefore,we analyze the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Lujiazui Bend of Huangpu River,and historical changes of river regime as well as navigation characteristics of ships and surrounding restrictions,and propose the waterway layout and regulation measures in Lujiazui.The results show that cutting and widening the convex bank shoals on the east side of Lujiazui can slove the narrow problem of navigable waters of the bend,and improve the bend navigation environment for ships.
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YAO Hongcheng, XU Yanwen, ZHANG Wei, JI Xiaomei, HUANG Liming, WANG Xiaoguang, WU Yao
2025(2):36-44
Abstract:
Tidal asymmetry exerts an influence on nearshore material transportation and geomorphic evolution.Based on the Delft 3D FM,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is employed to establish the tidal movement simulations of Lingding Bay under the conditions of 1 970 s,2 010 s and the 2016 governing guideline shoreline.The response of tidal asymmetry to the seaward advancement of the shoreline in this area is analyzed by combining the reconciliation analysis and the skewness calculation method.Furthermore,the mechanism underlying tidal asymmetry change is examined by analyzing the contribution of different tidal constituent combinations.The research results show that the tidal height asymmetry between spring and neap tides in Lingding Bay varies.The seaward advance of the shoreline strengthens the flood tide dominance in tidal asymmetry.The seaward extension of the shoreline increases the tidal amplitude of the shallow water components while reducing the amplitude of the astronomical components,concurrently accelerating the tidal wave propagation speed.The contribution of the astronomical tidal components to tidal asymmetry gradually decreases upstream,whereas the contribution of the shallow water tidal components gradually increases.
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CHENG Lixing, GU Yong, LIANG Xin, HAO Yuchi
2025(2):184-190
Abstract:
Scour protection is one of the important issues that need to be faced in the design and maintenance of dock pile foundations.This article explores the feasibility of using solidified soil for pile foundation erosion protection,that is,using engineering construction soil to add suitable solidification agents to form solidified soil,covering the scouring area of bridge piers in an appropriate way,enhancing the anti erosion performance of the bed surface,and thus playing a protective role.This article conducted targeted physical model experiments and numerical simulations on the flowability,shear strength,and erosion resistance of different solidified soil formulations.The experimental results show that the collapse diameter of solidified soil increases with the increase of soil to water ratio,and the fluidity of solidified soil decreases rapidly with time.The shear strength of solidified soil slowly increases over time,and as the ash to soil ratio increases,the strength of solidified soil will also increase accordingly.The overall resistance of solidified soil to water flow erosion is good,and it can be used as a new type of erosion protection material.In underwater environments,the strength of solidified soil also increases over time,and its durability is good.
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ZHU Zhengtao, JIANG Qingrong, HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, CHEN Xinchi
2025(2):72-80
Abstract:
Taking a dock project on the left bank of the Beijiang River as an example,the finite volume method is used to establish the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 37.0 km long section of the Shaoguan (II) hydrological station to Mengli hydropower station,and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 4.6 km long section of the project.A quantitative study is conducted on the differences in flood level,flow velocity distribution,and flood storage capacity of river channels under different construction schemes.The results show that when the flood frequency ranges from once every 50 years to once every 10 years,the increment of flood level is lower than 0.02 m under different schemes.The changes in flow velocity and pattern are mainly concentrated in the local river section from 100 m upstream to 260 m downstream of the dock.However,the changes in high flow velocity areas of the river are relatively small,as well as the changes in the dynamic axis of the main channel.Meanwhile,the actual flood storage capacity of the river has increased under the action of dredging in the harbor.From the perspective of flood safety and cargo safety,scheme 2 is a recommended plan,and relevant research methods can provide scientific reference for similar dock construction plans.
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XIE Yuxuan, WANG Guangsheng, YU Tong, GUAN Dawei
2025(2):17-26
Abstract:
The modern coastal protection systems place higher demands on the crest elevation and permeable of breakwaters.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is established to investigate the wave force of submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters under the action of shallow water waves.The results indicate that there is a phase difference between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the submerged semi-circular breakwater,with the critical sliding moment generally corresponding to the moment of maximum shoreward horizontal force.As the perforation rate increases from 0% to 25%,the dimensionless maximum shoreward and seaward horizontal forces on the submerged semi-circular breakwater decrease by 27.8% and 39.8%,respectively.With decreasing wave period and increasing submergence depth,the seaward sliding force on the submerged semi-circular breakwater increases.Empirical formulas provide conservative estimates for the total force on unperforated semi-circular breakwaters under long-period waves and extreme submergence conditions,and further overestimate the wave forces on submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters.
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FU Xuhui, GONG Huiling, HE Jinglin, TANG Rongling, ZHANG Bo
2025(2):110-118
Abstract:
In recent years,with the rapid development of shipping economy,waterway regulation projects are frequent in the Yangtze River basin.Although waterway regulation projects can improve flow conditions,they also have a certain impact on fish habitat.To explore the impact of different waterway regulation projects on fish habitat,we take Luoqi Reach of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,and use numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the changes of habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps before and after the waterway regulation project from the perspective of ecology and hydraulics.The results show that after the waterway regulation project,the very suitable area ratio of fish habitat increases by 1.21% at most,and the unsuitable area ratio decreases by 1.85% at most.Moreover,with the increase of water level and flow,the sub channel upstream of Luoqi will produce a suitable habitat environment for survival.
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LIU Xiaobin, WU Xiaolei, WU Peng
2025(2):1-8
Abstract:
The Canal Economic Zone represents an economic form that tightly integrates shipping economy with regional economy,serving as a significant measure to provide shipping support for the country’s new development pattern of “dual circulation”.Addressing issues such as unclear definition of the Canal Economic Zone,insufficient theoretical foundation,unclear operational logic,and unsystematic overall understanding,this article proposes the connotative characteristics of the Canal Economic Zone and a canal-oriented economic zone system.By employing interdisciplinary research,qualitative analysis,and case study methods,it concludes that the core content of Canal Economic Zone planning is to comprehensively develop the regions along the canal,develop canal-related industrial systems,organize production factors around the canal,and guide the agglomeration of urban and rural populations,ultimately forming a banded territorial spatial layout.The research results show that Canal Economic Zone planning should focus on six key aspects:core industries,banded space,open mechanisms,green development,county economy,and government-enterprise cooperation,to establish a canal-oriented productivity organization and territorial spatial layout model.
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2025(2):81-88
Abstract:
Among the four major systems in automated terminals- seaside loading and discharging,horizontal transportation,yard handling,landside collection and distribution-the yard handling system presents the greatest difference across terminals.The Chinese port industry continues to innovate in yard layouts,based on the “vertical layout + end interaction” mode and the “horizontal layout + gate control” mode,introducing innovative transfer modes as well as “vertical layout + U-shaped channel” design.Through data gathering from automated terminals with varied yard configurations that have been put into operation,this study analyzes the characteristics of different yard layouts in terms of key indicators such as safety,land utilization rate,operational efficiency,automation level and energy consumption per TEU.It explores the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the layout of automated terminals,providing a thorough and impartial assessment of various layout patterns to guide the construction and operation of automated terminals.The study also discusses the yard layouts for currently envisioned automated terminals.The research results have reference value for the layout planning and design of new automated terminal yards and the automation upgrading or renovation of traditional terminals.
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2025(2):164-171
Abstract:
After the 175 m water storage operation of the Three Gorges project,the scale of Jiulongpo to Chaotianmen reach cannot meet planning requirements.During the sedimentation period,the sediment is washed up and down,and the erosion is not timely,causing shallow navigation obstruction in the channel.The channel regulation of this reach is carried out from 2016 to 2020 to improve the channel scale of the engineering reach and curb the adverse development of channel conditions.After the completion of the project,the improvement effect is analyzed through regular observation.The results show that the river regime in the engineering reach is stable,the scale of the channel is significantly improved,and the unfavorable development trend is curbed,resulting in effective improvement of the channel conditions,achieving the goal of channel regulation.
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Impact of Mujing first-lane ship lock discharge pattern on flow conditions in lower approach channel
WANG Zhaobing, GUO Tingting, ZHOU Xidong, HU Ruichang, YUAN Hao
2025(2):127-134
Abstract:
In the context of the double-lane ship locks sharing approach channel project,unsteady flow is prone to occur in the approach channel during lock discharge,causing turbulence in the flow field inside the approach channel,seriously affecting the safety of ship navigation and docking in the approach channel.Taking Mujing ship lock as an example,based on the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model,the navigation hydraulic characteristics of the approach channel are numerically simulated,and the unsteady navigation conditions inside the second-lane lock and the approach channel are analyzed during the discharge of the first-lane ship lock.The results show that when both sides of the first-lane ship lock release water simultaneously,the flow velocity in the approach channel does not meet the requirements of ship navigation and docking,and the formation of reflux,oblique and transverse flow patterns at the front of the separation dike of the second-lane ship lock affects the safety of ships entering and exiting the second-lane ship lock.After adopting the recommended side discharge method,the flow pattern in the approach channel has been improved,and the navigation flow conditions meet the requirements of safe navigation.The research results can provide a solution for the discharge method of double-lane ship locks.
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LIU Zuofei, ZHU Binhua, FAN Shugang
2025(2):172-177
Abstract:
Research and practice on maintenance and dredging engineering are conducted to address the navigation obstacles faced by the Xiaziliang shoal section of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s variable backwater area during dry season,such as bends,narrowness,rapidity,and danger.It is found that the overall trend of this beach section is slow and continuous sedimentation by collecting a large amount of historical measured data and comparing and analyzing the changes in isobaths and erosion and sedimentation over the years.On the basis of the waterway conditions and water characteristics of this river section,the construction equipment and the water level are compared,and a reasonable maintenance and dredging plan is formulated.Implementation results of the project indicate that the maintenance and dredging project can improve the conditions of the waterway,expand navigable waters,and reduce the difficulty of ship operation,thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the waterway.
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SHANGGUAN Yifei, HE Jinchao, XIE Feng, YUAN Hao, ZHAO Jiang
2025(2):142-149
Abstract:
The Mangdantan channel,consisting of three continuous branches,locates in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River with bad flow condition.To investigate the natural navigation obstruction characteristics in Mangdantan continuous branching channel,the influence of different discharges in normal and dry period on the flow diversion,gradient,water depth condition and current speed distribution are numerically analyzed by the two-dimensional planar hydrodynamic model.The results show that the natural navigation obstruction characteristics include large gradient,insufficient water depth and rapid current speed.In addition,the flow condition in the branches R1-L2-L3 is better than those in the branches R1-R2-L3,therefore the branches R1-L2-L3 are suggested to be developed as the navigation channel.The research results can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the regulation of Mangdantan and the channel development of similar continuous branching rivers.
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LIU Meimei, YING Zongquan, LI Jiamin, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Zihao
2025(2):45-50
Abstract:
To accurately evaluate the bending capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam,we take three corroded reinforced concrete beams of prototype members as research objects,carry out the bearing capacity test and simulation analysis,and put forward a simplified calculation method for bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam with modified code.By using this method,the average cross-section corrosion ratio of all the steel bars in the same section can be converted from the corrosion ratio of one or several steel bars detected in the field,which can be used to calculate the strength utilization coefficient of the corroded steel bars,and solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of the bearing capacity when the cross-section corrosion ratio of the steel bar is greater than 10%.
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2025(2):150-156
Abstract:
In response to the comprehensive characteristics of multiple branching and large flow of the Heishazhou waterway,as well as the complex flow of the tidal river section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the hydrological observation data are analyzed and summarized.Combined with the on-site practical work of the second phase of waterway regulation project construction,in-depth research is conducted on surface velocity and flow direction measurement,gradient observation,hydrological section measurement,etc.in hydrological observation.Modern new equipment and technology are used to optimize the layout of hydrological sections and water gauge positions,efficiently organize and implement,improve work efficiency,and obtain complete and detailed hydrological observation data.This method effectively solves the problems existing in the hydrological observation of the tidal reach of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and provides reliable basic data for the project design,construction and related thematic research.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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ZHANG Qiyi, MENG Xiangfei, CHEN Kai, GUO Dongqi
2025(2):178-183
Abstract:
High pile structure is a kind of structure widely used in port and coast.Its dynamic response under wave action is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the wharf.The software ABAQUS is used to build a three-dimensional wharf model and a wave flume with STAR-CCM+.The k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) motion interface tracking method are used to simulate waves,and the simulation of bidirectional coupling between wharf pile groups and waves is realized.Since the ratio of pile spacing to pile diameter is greater than 4,the interaction between piles does not need to be considered,and the error of the comparison model test is less than 5%,which can meet the requirements.The results show that the maximum force and displacement of the wharf pile groups under wave heights of 0.3 m,0.4 m,and 0.5 m can meet the code requirements.The displacement at the top of the pile is the largest,which is 0.66 mm.The maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the front row of piles in the pile group,which is 152.4 kPa.The concrete in the pile bottom area is prone to instability and failure,and special attention should be paid in practical engineering.
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SU Shiding, XU Xiong, ZHANG Bo, LYU Shuhui
2025(2):197-202
Abstract:
Coral reef sand,due to its special engineering properties such as fragility and high compressibility,differs from conventional sand.During impact pile driving,the process can easily cause complex changes in coral reef sand particles,such as breakage and shear,leading to pile running.Unanticipated pile running,especially over long distances,not only increases the difficulty of pile driving control but also poses high construction risks.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an analysis method to predict the depth of pile running in deep coral sand formations to guide pile driving control and reduce construction risks.In this paper,high strain pile tests are conducted in deep coral reef sand formations based on actual engineering scenarios.The analysis of soil resistance values in pile running conditions in coral reef sand is carried out,and a method for predicting the distance of pile running in coral reef sand formations is proposed.Furthermore,the pile driving control method that considers the risk reduction of pile running is proposed,and it is applied to 602 driven piles on-site for risk prediction of pile running and pile driving control,and the laws of pile diving in coral reef sand stratum are summarized.
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MENG Xiangyong, XUE Guodong, CAO Baojie, GAO Ruichao, MENG Xiankuo, WANG Hongwei, LIU Shixing
2025(2):191-196
Abstract:
multi-beam echo sounder system is used to monitor short-term erosion and sedimentation changes in the offshore area of the logistics park embankment in Binhai Port.It is found that there is an east-west oriented scour hole on the outer side of the embankment corner,which is about 570 m long and 110 m wide,and its edge has reached the bottom of the embankment,posing significant safety hazards.Through the analysis of monitoring data from May to November 2023,it is found that the edges of the scour hole continues to erode and showed no signs of slowing down.The research results provide accurate data support for subsequent embankment projects.The multi-beam echo sounder system can accurately identify the spatiotemporal changes in underwater topography,offering effective reference for similar embankment deformation monitoring.
