Aiming at the problems of backward basic theoretical research of dredging technology and inaccurate numerical simulation of cutterhead excavating clay in China，through the methods of theoretical research and small-scale trial production，the target experimental clay is prepared，and a model clay cutterhead suitable for laboratory use is developed. On this basis，the laboratory experimental research of model cutterhead excavating clay was carried out，and the influence of the process parameters such as the rotating speed of cutterhead，traverse speed，mud layer thickness and forward displacement distance on the mud concentration of excavation test was analyzed . The principle is selecting the medium cutter speed，appropriately reducing the traverse speed，and giving priority to the method of increasing forward displacement distance to improve the excavation section area under the condition of ensuring that the front end of the bridge does not hinder the yaw. The research results can provide a reference for the selection of clay excavation process parameters.