For the ship lock project with high water head，the dock structure has the disadvantages of insufficient anti-sliding stability and large structural stress. In this paper，three groups of optimization schemes for dock structure are proposed：increasing the section size，adding the cantilever，and replacing the backfill with foamed mixture lightweight soil. By defining the anti-sliding influence factor δ，the influence of three groups of optimization schemes on anti-sliding stability is analyzed. Using the finite element model and introducing the analytical algorithm of section size，the structural stress changes of three groups of optimization schemes are analyzed. The results show that the optimization effect of anti-sliding stability is the most obvious when the cantilever is added，the scheme of foamed mixture lightweight soil replacement is more economical and reasonable for improving the internal force of the structure.