The mud has high resistance in pipeline transportation，which results in high energy consumption and thus severely restricts the efficiency of dredging production. This paper applies the vibration loading fluidization technology of sediment rheology to the research on the drag reduction of mud pipeline transportation and investigates the effect of vibration rheology on drag reduction in the pipeline system. The results show that the drag reduction effect increases significantly and then tends to be stable with the increase in the vibration frequency and is enhanced with the increase in the volume concentration but at a gradually decreased rate. The increase in the conveying flow rate weakens the drag reduction effect until making it level off. For the mud sample tested in this paper，there is an optimal vibration frequency，40 Hz，at which the system has reached the best state of drag reduction benefits. In a pipeline with an inner diameter of 100 mm，the resistance loss can be reduced by more than 20% for sediment at the Fengxian Beach with a median particle size of 31 μm when the mud volume concentration is 29.94%，the pipeline transportation velocity 0.9 m/s and the micro-amplitude mechanical vibration frequency 100 Hz. Finally，this paper proposes the calculation model for the drag reduction of the mud pipeline transportation by vibration rheology.