Based on design practice of water intake and drainage engineering of domestic coastal nuclear power plant,the technical requirements are analyzed,the design logic is expounded and the key technologies are defined.The key technologies of water intake and drainage engineering include the diffusion test of cooling water,the wave action on maritime structures,sediment erosion and siltation test,the adaptability of structures and foundation,and the prevention and control of marine organisms and foreign bodies,etc.The application of three types of water intake,including channel,culvert and combination of channel & culvert,and two types of drainage,including channel and culvert,are summarized.The operation feedback of nuclear power plant about silt deposition and water intake blockage are introduced as well.The new situation confronted by water intake and drainage engineering of nuclear power plants is analyzed.Finally,the direction of design optimization and innovation are prospected.