基于良好船艺的内河弯曲航道船舶车舵协同控制方法
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A rudder-propeller coordinated control method in inland curved waterways based on good seamanship
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    摘要:

    针对传统控制方法在内河弯曲航道中因局限于对航道中心线的精确跟随,而忽略“挂高取矮”等关键航行实践导致安全裕度不足的问题,提出一种融合该良好船艺的船舶车舵协同控制方法。该方法在制导层设计了改进的视线制导律,通过引入基于船速与水流等工况计算的横向偏移量,主动生成一条偏离中心线的策略性参考航迹,在算法层面实现“挂高取矮”,且其自适应积分机制可有效补偿环境扰动、消除稳态误差。控制层采用常规PID控制器对舵角进行精确控制,构成完整的车舵协同控制系统。仿真结果表明,在2 m/s横流干扰下,该方法可成功执行预定策略,使船舶至凹岸的最小安全距离相较于传统方法提升34.4%,展现出优越鲁棒性。研究证实,该方法将航行实践与现代控制理论有效融合,为提升复杂受限水域船舶航行安全提供了新的解决方案。

    Abstract:

    To address the insufficient safety margins caused by traditional control methods for inland curved waterways,which are limited to precise centerline tracking and neglect key navigation practices such as“holding high and taking low”,a ship rudder-propeller coordinated control method integrating this good seamanship is proposed.The method features an improved LOS(line-of-sight)guidance law at the guidance layer.It algorithmically implements“holding high and taking low”by introducing a lateral offset,calculated based on operational conditions like vessel speed and current,to proactively generate a strategic,off-centerline reference trajectory.Furthermore,its adaptive integral mechanism effectively compensates for environmental disturbances and eliminates steady-state errors.The control layer employs a conventional PID (proportional-integral-derivative)controller for precise control of the rudder angle,forming a complete rudder-propeller coordinated control system.Simulation results verify that under a 2 m/s cross-current disturbance,the proposed method successfully executes the predetermined strategy,increasing the minimum safety distance to the concave bank by 34.4% compared with traditional methods and exhibiting superior robustness.The research confirms that the method effectively integrates navigation practice with modern control theory,providing a new solution for enhancing the navigational safety of ships in complex and confined waterways.

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陈 勇,黄立文,陈家豪.基于良好船艺的内河弯曲航道船舶车舵协同控制方法[J].水运工程,2026(5):159-166.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-05-21
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