The occurrence of surge waves significantly affects the safety and stability of ships and wharves in the corresponding waters.In straight river channels,a three-dimensional numerical model of the wharf and ships is established to simulate the motion response process of ships moored at bulkhead wharf under surge wave action.The ship motion characteristics and the force-bearing characteristics of each cable under different surge wave heights are analyzed,and the corresponding dynamic response laws and mooring safety conditions are summarized.The study shows that when moored ships encounter surge waves with heights of 0.5,1.0,and 2.0 m,the variation amplitudes of all translational and rotational parameters increase with the increase of surge waves height.Among them,the surge waves have the most significant impact on the ship's rolling angle,and the ship loses stability under all working conditions.Meanwhile,the bow and stern mooring forces alternately reach peaks as the surge waves increase,and the force on the bow transverse cable is greater than that on the stern transverse cable.As the wave height increases,the force approaches or exceeds the breaking limit,affecting the mooring stability.Research on offshore anchoring conditions revealed that when encountering surge waves at a height of 2.0 m,the rolling parameters of anchored offshore ships decrease by 26.7%-42.3% compared with those of moored ships.Therefore,to ensure the safety of anchored ships in the surge waves impact zone,it is recommended to adopt the following preventive measures before berthing:“Anchor off the offshore side in advance,immediately release the moorings,and anchor offshore upon receiving a surge wave warning”.