中间渠道3 000吨级内河船舶浅水效应研究*
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3206103)


Shallow water effects on 3, 000-ton-class inland waterway vessels in intermediate channel
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    摘要:

    当前,高坝通航中采用的中间渠道和串通各大水系的运河渠道设计尚无统一标准,船舶在渠道内的航行与开敞水域相比具有显著差异。以内河I级航道3 000吨级散货船代表船型为研究对象,采用三维流固耦合数值模拟与循环水槽船模阻力试验验证相结合的方法,研究静水条件下,船舶于2倍船宽渠道内,h/T(水深吃水比)=1.2、1.3、1.5、2.0、2.5,航速从1.0~3.0 m/s,步长0.5 m/s组合工况下,浅水效应对船舶航行参数的影响。研究结果表明:当h/T<1.5倍,航速>2.0 m/s时,船舶首尾水位差显著增加,水面比降增大,纵向受力明显增大,造成船舶航行总阻力增大。此外,随着航速增加,造成船周流速增大,船周水位和静水压力降低,船尾静水压力低于船首区域,船舶下沉和纵倾程度加剧,最终导致船舶总阻力进一步增大。研究成果可为中间渠道或运河渠道水深设计及船舶安全航速确定提供重要参考。

    Abstract:

    Currently,there is no unified standard for the design of intermediate channels and the canals connecting major water systems in high dam navigation.The navigation of vessels within these channels is significantly different from that in open water areas.This paper takes the representative ship type of 3,000-ton-class bulk carrier in inland waterway class I as the research object.The method of three-dimensional numerical simulation of fluid-solid coupling combined with the experimental validation of the resistance test of circulating flume ship model is used to study the influence of shallow water effect on the navigational parameters of the ship under static water conditions in a channel of twice the width of the ship,with h/T(water depth to draft ratio)=1.2,1.3,1.5,2.0 and 2.5,and speeds ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 m/s,with a step size of 0.5 m/s for combined working conditions.The research results show that when h/T is less than 1.5 times and speed is greater than 2.0 m/s,the water level difference between the bow and stern of the ship increases significantly,the specific drop of water surface increases,and the longitudinal force increases significantly,resulting in an increase in the total resistance of the ship’s navigation.In addition,as the speed increases,the flow velocity around the ship increases,the water level and hydrostatic pressure around the ship decreases,and the hydrostatic pressure at the transom is lower than that in the bow area.The degree of sinking and longitudinal inclination of the ship intensifies,ultimately leading to a further increase in the total resistance of the ship.The results of this research can provide important references for the design of water depth of intermediate channels or canal channels and the determination of safe navigation speed of ships.

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马希钦,李宗激,冯 伟,等.中间渠道3 000吨级内河船舶浅水效应研究*[J].水运工程,2025(9):153-161.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-09-16
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