To address the design challenges involving unclear mechanical characteristics and deformation patterns of wharf steel truss structures during thousand-ton heavy-lift hoisting in constrained waters of mountainous rivers,this study carries out numerical simulation on the time-history response of wharf steel truss structures throughout the hoisting process of thousand-ton cargo based on a refined three-dimensional finite element model.The effects of eccentric loads and start-up inertial forces on the structural mechanical performance are systematically analyzed.The research indicates that eccentric working conditions significantly amplify the dynamic responses of the structure.The main girder and inclined tension members are the most sensitive to hoisting loads,serving as the controlling components for structural safety.However,deformation and stress indicators at all key points remain within safe thresholds,confirming that the preliminary structural design is safe and reliable.Based on the inertial force simulation results,a differentiated hoisting optimization strategy of “low speed for heavy eccentric loads,high speed for light non-eccentric loads” is proposed.The research findings reveal the mechanical response of wharf steel truss structures under complex dynamic loads,effectively enhancing operational efficiency while ensuring structural safety.This study can provide technical support for process optimization and safety assessment of similar heavy-duty port engineering projects.