Aiming at the problems of low terminal throughput and low equipment utilization caused by reliance on experiential judgment and the lack of systematic quantitative analysis tools in traditional dry bulk terminal design,this paper constructs a discrete event simulation modeling framework based on dynamic stockpile shape data.Taking the two core processes of unloading and ship loading as the main line,the framework proposes a three-layer object system consisting of physical objects,abstract objects and logical objects,which realizes the refined modeling of terminal operation elements.Key innovations include:a real-time yard stacking construction algorithm based on B-spline surface fitting that dynamically calculates retrieval operation time according to real-time stacking information.A vessel berthing algorithm is developed to comprehensively evaluate vessel tonnage,berth water depth,and yard accessibility.A process selection strategy oriented to “minimizing process switching” is formulated for unloading and loading operations,which preferentially unload cargo into stockpiles in the same row to reduce equipment switching times.The framework is applied to a coal terminal case with an annual design throughput of 9 million tons.The simulation results show that the berth utilization rate reaches 54.3%,the average vessel turnaround time is 36.37 hours,and the dumper utilization rate is 31.5%.The findings verify the framework’s capability in quantitatively evaluating terminal throughput,equipment utilization rate and vessel turnaround times,and can provide a scientific basis for terminal planning and design,operational optimization and decision-making support.